这次过去对美国又有了新的体会。 记得上次过去，给我最大的体会就是他们的精神，经济，制度，媒体，政治，日常生活以及其他方面都是很一致的， 对很多人来说，他们的社会代表着自由民主和平等。

但 是自由民主平等不是一个政党的更替，一个选举的制度可以带来的，看了第三波浪潮，我能更深刻体会到自由民主平等的不容易， 也许需要几百年的积累和启发，才能完成。因为自由民主平等不是一个人一个党能带来了，民主是每个国民贡献自己的力量才能获取到的，需要启发民智，让大家受 到教育，鼓励每个人发表自己的观点，创造环境让大家发表观点，在一个发言自由的环境中，在一个保证不会因言获罪的环境中，人才有可能交流自己的想法，才会 有思维的激荡，才会有创新的发生。

在公司的时候，时常听到激烈的讨论，后来和同事讨论这个事情，同事说这个事情在这里很常见，大家都乐意把 自己的主意分享出来讨论，在讨论中接受大家的挑战，然后通过辩论来捍卫自己的观点，如果这个观点能够通过这种讨论，那么观点就会变得更加 solid，成为 大家的共识。通常在这种讨论的过程中，就像多台电脑并联计算一样， 产生的结果无论速度和精确性，要比一个人高出很多，尤其在工程和科学领域。

简 单说来，美国精神更深层次的内涵，可以用乔布斯的那句话来概括 ： Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition。 尊重自己的心声，朝自己心中梦想的方式前进，这是对自己的尊重，也是对人家的尊重，违背自己的意愿，迎合人家的期望，这其实是一种欺骗。只有听从自己的内 心愿望， 才会有勇气和毅力来催生智慧来穿越困难。

美国能产生那个多的伟大的人物，真的不是偶然的呐，乔布斯的传说也不会终结的，还是会有下一个乔布斯，因为他们那种精神会永远存在，在不同的时代，体现在不同的人身上，创造一个又一个的传说。

美 国就像是一个升级版的 “国家 ”，这个国家更加懂得信息顺畅交流的宝贵性，所以他们保护言论，他们媒体发达， 他们创造各种各样的技术来提升信息交换的速度，高速公路，波音飞机，互联网，自由经济制度，言论的保护，都是处处体现了 “信息流通 ”“信息完整性 ”的重要 性。他们每个国民都像是优化了的信息处理器，每天处理大量的信息，比我们国内大部分的人处理的信息多的多，他们从小就是接受这样的训练，如果发表观点，如 何在团队里面沟通，如何处理信息，如何提问题，这些都是在我们的教育里面所没有的， 所以我看到我们的学生出去的普遍情况是学习成绩很好，但是受限于语言和习惯，倒不一定很容易地完成团队的任务。

我的同事，来自世界的各地，法国日本韩国伊朗印度中国，他们都过来聚集在一个小小的旧金山湾周边，我不禁感叹，这个地方多么的有魔力，能把世界上各个地方的聪明人都聚集到这里， 这么多聪明的人，在一起，又会做出什么让人意想不到的事情？

这趟旅行，最高兴的两件事，把项目做完了，老婆过来了。

最遗憾的事情，老婆过来，我却没有时间陪。

我只能用完美来形容这趟旅行。我到了硅谷，世界上最多聪明人的地方， 我的偶像的聚集地， 最具创新性和影响力的企业都在这里，这里的温度环境天气，都是那么的完美。我喜欢那些百年历史的房子，我期待有一天，我能在这里有自己的房子，和老婆一起度过晚年，每天看老婆傻傻地在阳台上捣鼓她的植物，我则在温暖的阳光下读书。偶尔能和她一起去旧金山湾的海滩上散步，遛狗。

这个项目是我最难过的项目，我不止一次加班到3点，压力非常大，但是我竟然活着挺过来啦， 我了解了这边的工作方式，我知道我们作为一个初创企业所应该做的事情， focus, focus, focus， 付出120%的努力，像我们老大说的：你把事情做的漂亮，之后你可以得到任何你想得到的事情。

最大的收获是，我们的生活的一切都是关于Quality的，我们要有高质量的产品，高质量的程序，高质量的食物，高质量的生活，但是这些东西都不会无缘无故地来到你的面前，你必须付出比常人更多的努力，来达到这个高度。

在这里工作也许会越来越有趣，因为这里的人实在是太聪明，每个人都是了不起的程序员， 更有意思的是，这是一个来自世界各地的team，身边有印度同事，法国同事，伊朗同事，韩国同事，日本同事，一个国际化的队伍，会给这个团队带来与众不同的东西。

work hard and have fun.

老婆匆匆来，匆匆走，看着她奔向登机口的胖胖的背影，感觉心里空空的。

你能来，我多高兴，就像两年前第一次出来一样高兴。

可惜没有能够和你一起细细体会这个城市的美好和这个国度的神奇，但是我们总有一天还是再回来的是不？

紧跟着你，这个城市最美的夏天也走了。

乔布斯就这样真的走了。

海明威： 人可以被摧毁，但是不可以被击败。 要像乔布斯一样，奋斗到生命结束的前一天。

要改变世界，要做自己热爱的事，为此不遗余力。

乔布斯，是一个值得尊敬的人。

三年前的今天，是和老婆确定恋爱关系的时候。

现在因为时差的关系，今年我们的纪念日缺相差了15个小时，挺有意思的。

希望明年可以和她一起过。同个时间，同个地点。

老婆最近干活辛苦不？知道你喜欢绿油油的植物，于是特地去拍了一组San Francisco 的植物照片，这些都是住户养在门口外面的，享受着加州充足的阳光，非常幸福。

希望你看到这些图片，能有一个好心情。

我实在想不出比程序员更加好的工作，前提是你不是以赚钱为目的。

在社会进化的角度上来讲，程序员是站在进化的最前沿及最需要的领域里面的。现在的信息越来越多，更新越来越快，不得不借助程序员来维护和处理信息。

信息爆炸还会不断的加剧，这个趋势下，每天与数据和信息打交道的程序员有天生的优势。

接下来的世纪，是程序员的世纪。

浮躁这个时代的集体病症。我只知道这是一个急躁而喧嚣的时代，我们就像住在一个闹腾腾的房子里，每一个人都放大了喉咙喊叫。为了让他们听到我说的话，我只好比他们还大声。于是没有任何一个人知道别人到底在讲什么。 ----梁文道

浮躁是伴随信息过量而来的，农耕时代不会浮躁，因为你一般情况下一天只和两三个人说话，得到的资讯也许就是村口听回来的八卦，单纯的脑袋还能处理的来，也就不会浮躁。浮躁不是病，是一个现象。人的脑子就是个CPU, CPU处理不过来了有点延时，有点发热，这他妈能算是病吗？

实在不敢相信过去六个月来，webgl, html5, javacript 3d engine有了这么了不起的发展，足可以见到js community的活跃程度 

1. Chrome Experiments
2. Mr.doob Three.js
3. Scene JS
4. WebGL + Node.js + WebSockets = A Web Technology Perfect Storm
5. 在线JS编译器

原文
Tina Hesman Saey
Science News
Fri, 09 Oct 2009 11:00 CDT
Print
Silent activity
© Laurent
In sleep, the body may be still, but the brain is active.
Brain studies may reveal the purpose of a behavior both basic and mystifying

In a lab at MIT, a small black mouse named Buddy sleeps alone inside a box. A cone resembling a satellite dish sits atop his head. But the dish doesn't receive signals from outer space. Instead it sends transmissions from deep inside Buddy's brain to a bank of computers across the room.

Scientists like Jennie Young eavesdrop on the transmissions, essentially reading Buddy's mind, or at least that part of his mind occupied with a recent trip along a Plexiglas track littered with chocolate sprinkles. Young and her colleagues in Susumu Tonegawa's laboratory are monitoring nerve cells inside the hippocampus, one of the brain's most important learning and memory centers. Some of the cells in the sea horse - shaped hippocampus fired bursts of electrical energy as Buddy moved along the track. As he sleeps in his black box, those same cells spark to life again, replaying progress along the track in fast-forward or rapid reverse.

By recording the slumbering Buddy's brain cell activity, the scientists hope to glean clues to one of biology's greatest mysteries: the reason for sleep. Although sleep is among the most basic of behaviors, its function has proved elusive. Scientists say sleep's job is to save energy, or to build up substances needed during waking or to tear down unneeded connections between brain cells. Some emphasize sleep's special role in learning and memory. Others suggest that sleep regulates emotions. Or strengthens the immune system. And some scientists believe sleep is simply something that emerges naturally from having networks of neurons wired together.

"There are as many theories of sleep's functions as there are sleep researchers," says Mehdi Tafti, a geneticist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland.

None of the many models for why people (and other animals) sleep can explain all of its complexity, says Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School in Boston. He equates proponents of the different sleep theories to blind men describing an elephant. It's a snake, or a tree or a wall, depending on which part of the elephant the men touch. Similarly, the answer to sleep's function seems to depend on what approach a given researcher takes. And each proposed idea contains inconsistencies that keep other sleep researchers from embracing it.

"There's no one theory that has enough unified evidence for it to be widely accepted," says Paul Shaw of Washington University in St. Louis.

Many sleep theories have been widely tested, though. Using brain wave recordings, genetic analyses, word tests, video games and various other methods, researchers have uncovered many of the pieces to the puzzle of sleep, even if they don't yet all fit together.

Asleep and Fired Up

REM sleep
© Arthur Tucker/Science Photo Library
In REM sleep, "the brain is on fire."
Not knowing why humans spend a third of their lives unconscious hasn't prevented scientists from describing five different stages of sleep from recordings of brain waves. Stage one, marking the transition between awake and asleep, is shallow. Stage two, which lasts the longest, features two forms of brain waves known as spindles and K-complexes (SN Online: 5/21/09). Stages three and four are the deepest, often referred to collectively as slow-wave sleep. Fifth is REM, the stage accompanied by rapid, jerky eye movements.

REM is the stage most often associated with dreaming, but plenty of dreaming

occurs in the other sleep stages, too. These stages are repeated in roughly 90-minute cycles throughout the night, with more slow-wave sleep early on and more REM toward morning.

In the first four stages of sleep, heart rate, body temperature and brain activity drop, supporting the view that sleep serves to save energy. But then REM comes along. During REM sleep, the body becomes paralyzed, which keeps people from acting out their dreams. Although the body is still as stone, the flight-or-fight response system is in overdrive, says Michael Perlis of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Brain activity is as high or sometimes even higher than during wakefulness. "The brain is on fire," during REM, Perlis says. "The brain is cooking, but the body is a cold fish."

Since the brain burns up to 20 percent of the calories used by the body, REM may consume many of the calories saved during other stages of sleep.

Still, because morning brings renewed vigor, many people believe that sleep must save energy. And sleep certainly feels restorative. Recent genetic work suggests a molecular basis for that refreshment.

Sleep Wave
© Unknown
People oscillate between two types of sleep each night, REM (short for rapid eye movement) and non-REM. Non-REM sleep occupies about 80 percent of sleep time and consists of ever-deepening stages (shown in EEGs below left).
Allan Pack, a geneticist at the University of Pennsylvania, and his colleagues have been keeping mice up for hours after their normal bedtime. Activity of 2,000 to 3,000 genes differs in the sleep-deprived mice compared with mice that slumber undisturbed. None of the changes are dramatic, Pack says; they just nudge gene activity up or down a bit. Activity of genes involved in making large molecules consistently goes up during sleep. Examples include genes needed to build cholesterol and the oxygen-carrying substance, called heme, in red blood cells. Genes for molecules that help remodel neural connections are also revved up in sleep.

Studies in mice, rats, fruit flies and white-crowned sparrows have found similar patterns of gene activity, Pack and colleagues noted in a review in the February Trends in Molecular Medicine.

Sleep and wake are part of the metabolic cycle in the brain, Pack says. In this view, sleep is a time for replenishment and construction of cellular parts. "So when wakefulness comes along, you have the building blocks to make synapses," the junctures between neurons through which signals flow.

From Calories to Connections

To test the hypothesis that sleep alters metabolism, Amita Sehgal and Susan Harbison of the University of Pennsylvania left the lights on for some fruit flies. Each night for a week, the light deprived the flies of about two hours of sleep. Males made up for the loss by sleeping far more than usual the next day. Most females, though, just lost sleep and didn't make up the difference. The researchers also perturbed the flies' sleep by mechanical stimulation, which involved randomly jerking the flies' test tubes. Other flies were bumped while awake during the day, but their sleep was not disturbed.

Whether applied during day or night, mechanical stimulation resulted in decreased stores of glycogen, a starch, and increased triglycerides, a type of fat, the researchers reported in July in PLoS One. Light didn't affect stores of either substance much.

Fly
© Chiara Cirelli
Proteins (orange) that help forge connections between neurons build up in the brain while a fly is awake (left) but are depleted after sleep (right), suggesting sleep prunes neural connections, perhaps ensuring only the day’s strongest memories remain.
The stress of being jostled, rather than losing sleep, is probably what alters metabolism, at least in these fruit flies, Sehgal says. The study represents a growing trend in sleep science - the idea that sleep offers some advantage besides altering metabolism and saving energy.

"We're moving away from historical ideas of sleep saving calories," says James Krueger, a sleep researcher at Washington State University in Pullman. "It does do that, no question. But that's probably not why sleep evolved."

Sleep saves about 110 calories - about a cookie's worth - each night, Krueger says. That's not enough to make up for missing out on eating, mating or any of the other waking activities an animal does to survive. "It's a few more nuts. It's not worth it. You'd rather be awake avoiding predators," he says.

But sleep must provide some benefit that outweighs waking activities,

Krueger says - such as, perhaps, forging connections between neurons.

Krueger, in fact, suggests that sleep itself is an unavoidable result of having neurons wired together in networks. Nerve cells that work hard, electrochemically signaling neighbors, eventually need to rest and recharge. Neural quiet can spread through the brain as neurons pull their wired partners along with them over the brink into sleep, Krueger argues in a December 2008 paper in Nature Reviews Neuroscience. The quiet time may allow neurons to strengthen or weaken connections with partners.

Of course, neural remodeling is also important for learning and memory - processes often suggested as sleep's raison d'être (SN: 4/28/07, p. 260).

Breaking Bonds

Brain
© Charles Floyd
The brain orchestrates the daily sleep-wake cycle by responding to external cues, such as sunlight, and the body’s own rhythms.
But even sleep's role in learning and remembering evokes much dispute. One controversial theory, for instance, suggests that sleep, especially the powerful slow-wave variety, weakens synapses. That keeps the brain from filling up with useless connections, say sleep researchers Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli of the University of Wisconsin - Madison. Their theory, known as synaptic homeostasis, is a sort of neuronal version of survival of the fittest. As an animal or person learns things throughout the day, connections between neurons get strengthened. All synapses are weakened during sleep, so tenuous connections are severed altogether and only the strongest bonds between neurons remain. This erasing of the blackboard makes room and preserves resources for the next day's learning, Cirelli and Tononi contend.

Some experiments seem to support the theory. While awake, rats build up levels of the protein GluR1, which helps increase the strength of synapses, the team reported in the February 2008 Nature Neuroscience. Levels of that protein drop when the animals sleep.

Studies in fruit flies show that snoozing leads to losing synapses. Cirelli and Tononi's group reported in the April 3 Science that proteins that help determine the strength of synapses build up while flies are awake and during sleep deprivation. Protein levels drop as flies slumber.

And while fruit flies sleep, they also lose synapses formed during social interactions, another study in the same issue of Science reported. When flies socialized, synaptic connections formed between neurons. Flies allowed to sleep after the exhausting social encounters pruned away some of the connections, but flies forced to stay awake retained the connections, researchers in Shaw's lab at Washington University found. Downsizing the number of neuronal connections could keep brain circuits from being overwhelmed by all the exciting information gathered from social interactions, Shaw says.

On the other hand, experiments with kittens suggest the opposite. In kittens with one eye sewed shut, connections between the closed eye and the brain's visual centers weakened while the kitten was awake, Marcos Frank of the University of Pennsylvania and colleagues reported in the Feb. 12 Neuron. The open eye showed stronger connections to the visual center, but only after the kitten slept. Frank says his data show that sleep strengthens connections between brain cells rather than weakening them.

Mult-Tasking
© Unknown
Studies show sleep probably serves many different functions, including enhancing learning and memory, regulating emotions, stimulating creativity and boosting the immune system.
Studies of Buddy and other mice, using electrodes implanted in their brains, tend to support the results from kittens. Recordings of the activity of brain cells sensitive to the mice's location, called "place" neurons, show that sleep allows the brain to replay events, strengthening connections between neurons and preserving long-term memories.

When Young records the firing of Buddy's neurons, a speaker crackles with what sounds to the untrained listener like radio static. To Young's ear the static is the sound of memories being made. Each time an electrode detects electrical activity in one of the neurons, it translates the activity to those audible crackles and to tracings on a computer screen.

While Buddy is awake and moving around in his box, running a maze or exploring new objects, his brain cells fire in a rhythmic pattern. As he sleeps, his brain waves slow down. But small, rapid spurts of brain cell activity, called ripples, interrupt the slow-rolling waves of sleep and burst above the background static. During those ripples, which last a fraction of a second, the place-denoting neurons fire in the same order as when the mouse was awake and exploring.

MIT's Matthew Wilson was among the first to discover these ripples. Ripples during slow-wave sleep replay the day's events, but the timing is compressed. During REM sleep, he says, rats and mice also replay events, but in real time, and not always in the same order or way they actually happened.

Cells in the hippocampus fire off a burst of ripple waves first. Then, 100 milli­seconds later, cells in the prefrontal cortex, commonly considered to be the seat of the brain's "executive centers," take up the refrain, Caltech researchers reported in the Feb. 26 Neuron. Such bursts of activity could represent transfer of information from temporary memory storage in the hippocampus to long-term storage in the cortex, Wilson says. In REM sleep, the timing of the firing between the hippocampus and the cortex is not as tightly coordinated as it is in slow-wave sleep.

Rats relive memories while awake, too, and that replay can help the animals plan their next move, Wilson and colleagues show in the Aug. 27 Neuron.

Scientists have speculated that such replay is also important for forming long-term memories. Researchers in Tonegawa's lab tested this theory directly: They blocked ripples by essentially paralyzing part of the hippocampus with tetanus toxin. Apart from diminished ripples, the mice slept normally and could remember tracks they had run for a short time. But the mice were unable to form long-term memories, the team reported in the June 25 Neuron. When researchers reversed the effect of the toxin, the ripples returned, along with the ability to form long-term memories, indicating that replaying and rehearsing memories during slow-wave sleep is a key step in solidifying them.

Across the Charles River in Boston, Harvard Medical School researchers have some evidence that replay may also be important for humans. Stickgold and Erin Wamsley have recruited volunteers to play a maze video game. After playing the game, some volunteers take a nap and some stay awake watching videos. The participants are awakened at the first sign that they are about to enter REM sleep, but some still report vivid dreams - some tangentially related to the game, such as hearing the music or exploring bat caves reminiscent of the maze. Preliminary results indicate that people who report game-related dreams improve their performance more when tested again. The dreamers improve more than either people who remained awake and thought about the game or people who slept, but didn't remember dreaming about the game.

"To us it's an indication that some of the networks related to that learning are active" during sleep, Wamsley says.

Its importance for memory is the only proposed explanation for sleep that contains a clear reason why consciousness must be shut down, says Stickgold. Human brains don't have TiVo, with the ability to record one thing while watching another. People use the same brain areas to perceive the world and then process what is happening. To fully digest information gathered throughout the day, at some point the brain has to block more input, he speculates.

In slow-wave sleep, the hippocampus shows home movies of the day's events to the cortex. During REM sleep, the hippocampus is issued a gag order, leaving the cortex to freely associate different pieces of information without the detail-oriented hippocampus stepping in to say, "no, this is what really happened." That free association may allow the brain to tie disparate experiences and facts together, making them easier to remember, or prompting new solutions to problems encountered during the day.

Learning and memory studies also suggest that sleep helps extract the gist of memories, enabling them to be filed under the correct headings, Stickgold says. How the brain does this is illustrated by studies in which participants "remember" that they learned a word such as hospital when actually the list of words they memorized contained doctor, nurse, stethoscope, bed and patient, but not hospital. Such associations give memories context and meaning.

"What your brain is leaving you with in the morning is a memory that is less accurate, but more useful," Stickgold says.

Sleep researchers still don't know how the brain decides which memories to review, edit and save, and which are junk, says Matthew Walker of the University of California, Berkeley. Emotion-associated chemicals may mark memories as important and worth saving, or send up a red flag to the brain that the memory is problematic. Over time, as sleep extracts the informational core of memories, it may also strip away the emotional blanket surrounding them, so that a person learns the lesson of the memory without all the drama of emotion. REM sleep in particular "is like group therapy for memories," he says.

Walker theorizes that this process may go awry in post-traumatic stress disorder. He lays out his case for sleep's role in processing emotional memories in the Annals of the New York Academy of Science's Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2009. Removing the emotional blanket from memories is probably possible only during sleep, when outside stimulus is shut off, he says.

Wilson agrees that sleep can be an unfettered time to come up with new solutions. "The 'problem' with the awake state is that it is being influenced by the outside world," he says. "It is constrained by what you're currently experiencing. During sleep you can explore. The breadth of experience one has access to is much greater. I think it's very likely that during sleep you have the flexibility to evaluate and solve problems in novel ways."

REM sleep may be just what is needed to get creative juices flowing, suggests a study in the June 23 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. People who had a nap with REM sleep performed almost 40 percent better on a word test requiring a creative solution than people who didn't nap or had only non-REM naps, researchers led by psychologist Sara Mednick of the University of California, San Diego show. The improvement happened only when participants drew information from a seemingly unrelated word test administered earlier in the day to solve the new problems. REM sleep seemed to help make that otherwise unrecognized connection.

"People in the REM group were able to use information they didn't know they had in their brains," Mednick says. Still, she doesn't believe all dreams mean something or that "sleeping on it" will solve every problem.

"Some dreams are going to be very, very meaningful, and some dreams are just your brain rooting through things that don't mean anything," she says.

Despite the evidence of sleep's role in brain performance, not all researchers believe that aspect to be the end of the sleep story.

"The notion that sleep is by the brain, for the brain - which is a motto in the field - is outdated," says Eve Van Cauter of the University of Chicago. "Sleep affects everything in the body and everything in the body affects sleep."

Short-term studies show that cognitive problems follow sleep deprivation, but scientists have no idea whether those problems relate to longer-term decline in memory or degenerative brain disorders, Van Cauter says.

Nearly 100 studies link sleep loss to cardiovascular disease, she says. "But we don't even have 10 studies on whether short sleep contributes to cognitive decline or dementia."

Others agree that sleep plays an important role in regulating the immune system. In fact, sleep may have evolved to improve the immune system's ability to fight off parasites, argue Patrick McNamara of Boston University and his colleagues in the Jan. 9 BMC Evolutionary Biology.

Species of animals that spend more time sleeping each day tend to have higher counts of infection-fighting white blood cells, a database analysis revealed. The more sleep on average a species gets, the fewer parasites plague its members, and the parasites that do infect longer-sleeping species are not as prevalent in their populations as parasites that sicken shorter-sleeping species.

Still, whether sleep's purpose is fighting parasites, making memories or modifying metabolism remains as much a matter of dispute as the blind men's competing images of the elephant. But perhaps that parable suggests a strategy for progress.

"The only mistake the blind men made is that they argued with each other," says Stickgold. If sleep researchers are willing to take a step back, confer and concede that others may have a point, perhaps one day the mystery of sleep will be solved.
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Astrocytes定义

Astrocytes详细基理

Astrocytes图解

简单来说astrocyte可以在小范围内控制部分神经元的活跃性/敏感性。通过增减范围内ca+钙离子，来调整action potential的含量，从而达到控制neuron transimitter传送量。

Work Around意思是指绕开困难，不钻牛角尖，以解决问题，Get Things Done为第一要素，focus on the Goal。我觉得这是程序员一个非常好的品质。

在程序开发的时候，会遇到许多莫名其妙的问题，SDK的bug， 浏览器的古怪行为， platform的兼容性，导致自己的开发不能顺利进行下去，这个时候，work around 的精神就能发挥极大的作用。

开发一个功能，往往有很多实现的手段，不应拘泥于best pratice, 或者过于执着自己的code style, 条条大路通罗马，何必一条路走到底呢？

Work Around也是一种放得下的胸襟，一种智慧。work around了反而更加专注于自己的目标，有效get things done.

羽毛球

1 压着人家的反手打，自己就会很轻松。 

2 发力只发七分，落点更准，杀伤力更大

3 尽量脚不离地，这样回球质量高，如果起跳，那么落地会有大的冲击，脚步不能马上跟上回到防守区域，为下一个球准备

4 总的来说，牵制对手比一味进攻重要

5 无论对手强弱，只要站在对面，就是自己的对手，我只有一个目的，把他击败。任何同情和让步都是对自己的不公平

这些好像在任何竞争性的活动中都一样 

1 一定不能让对手好过，让他怎么弄都觉得别扭，

2 做自己七分力气能做好的事情，如果必须花十分力气才能做好的事情，那就要谨慎行事

3 脚踏实地，一定要为下次的行动做好准备

4 牵制对手，然后自己可以慢慢观察形势，选择最佳的时间和地点进攻，同时能保留体力，也能保全自己的力量，在人家看起来自己是第二，但是整个形势都在自己的掌控之中，稳重又有杀机。

5 同样

有时候，也会很喜欢羽毛球，因为这个环境很纯洁，就是竞争关系，不需要什么合作精神。把你打败，得到胜利，就是唯一的目的

1. 只有战斗的人才配享有和平。
2.  有些人和你一样优秀，但是他成为你的对手，是因为他有坚定的信念为另一个理想而奋斗，光明磊落地和他们竞争，输了你会赢得他的尊重，赢了你会赢得他的友谊。有这样的对手是你的幸运，他很有可能成为你接下来最能信赖依靠的伙伴。
3. 每个零碎的事件组成更高级别的事件，每个事件的背后都有利益驱动，更高级别的事件背后有更高的利益驱动，最底层人民吃穿的需求构成经济活动的驱动力，经济活动的驱动力是政）治权利的驱动力的构成，政）治是比经济更高层次的利益诉求。经济利益和政治权利纠葛在一起形成一个制度，形成资本主义或非资本主义，或者说一个体系，一个系统。
4. 有时候，为了达成高层次利益诉求， 更低层次的利益诉求会被舍弃，牺牲。比如每次选举年的时候，为了吸引选票 ，美国总统总会拿中美贸易来开刀。在这种事情上，真相没有意义，你的结果 取决于你站在那个利益团体的立场上看问题，你为哪个利益团体代言。
5. 这个世界就是各个团体博弈的动态过程，情报在这个博弈中扮演重要的角色， 正确的情报让你在最高的利益层面上做出取舍，而不是在眼前的利益和情况下 取舍。
6. 系统会清除不利于自己的个体。 系统有自己的生命周期，请耐心等待。

最重要的是要记住，我们不是风，只是草而已。

以上是精锐部队2观后感

夏日大作战科幻背景设定太差，导致我一直没有进入剧情。

不过有些方面值得我的思考。

1. 未来虚拟世界的替身也许会与现实社会中的自然人有相同的权利——假设自然人已经授权/委托了很多工作给虚拟替身，那么如何规范替身的行为和实施监管？
2. 在现实世界，信息流动有天然的防火墙：语言和地域，所以疾病流言传播的成本很大，即使人类的某个部落出现疫情或者有害的虚假消息，都能在传播的过程中自然消解掉，但是网络社会带来的信息低成本的快速流动会将流言急速带往任何角落，造成不容忽视的影响，如果设计系统，以减小这样的威胁。
3. 网络和现实的无缝连接，我们需要解决移动终端，带宽，流量成本，人机接口等等基础的问题，实现人和网络永不掉线的目标。

火焰是一种等离子体Plasma，是由于物质燃烧Combustion时产生的高温Heat使得物质表面的原子的电子由基态跃迁到激发态，这是一个吸能过程。而当电子由激发态跃回到基态时，将会以光的形式释放出吸收的能量。不同原子的电子能量不同，释放出的光的能量和波长也不同，因此不同物质的火焰颜色各有差异（铜是绿色的，碳是黄色的）。 
一般物体燃烧都会有火焰Flame，如果不明显只能说明物体燃烧时能量较低，能态跃迁电子释放的光子不够多。

在原子裂变中，爆炸产生的冲击波和光辐射应该都可以用这个简单的方式来实现

信息优先级/权重可以体现为力。

我还以为是bug呢

在这个全球化时代，我们真正的敌人是顽固不化、独占体制，以及只准精英通行、将其余人等拒之门外的“有围墙的花园”。2011年，世界各国政府将继续加筑阻碍发展的壁垒。面对这种形势，我们唯有加倍努力，维护信息自由的流动，推动达成新的贸易协议，并支持互联网的开放。

谷歌(Google)董事长兼首席执行官 - 埃里克•施密特 - 封闭是进步的大敌

身为互联网的程序员

1 我相信每个人通过互联网获取信息的权利都是平等的

2 我相信信息技术的宗旨就是降低沟通成本，提高社会生产力

所以

1 致力于创造和维护互联互通的信息网络环境，为信息的自由流动和充分共享作出努力

2 致力于保卫信息的完整性和真实性，不篡改，不延时，不拦截

3 在尊重用户隐私以及保障用户知情权的情况下，帮助用户识别不良信息

程序员的Dos and Don'ts

二是整体作战。这个一般的人看不出来，总觉得老美是将军作战，实际上它是整体作战。因为美国人生活太好了，美国人的子弟是不愿意死在战场上的。不像日德，日本有武士道，德国有军官团，美国没有这样的传统。在一战、二战之前，一共才十几万人的军队，跟捷克斯洛伐克、南斯拉夫差不多。这种情况下，一下子发展到百万大军，最后是千万大军，仰仗的就是整体作战，就是各条战线、各个部门都要想办法。举几个例子。美军当时是用飞机轰炸德国，轰炸哪里是很讲究的。一般来说，英国轰炸就是炸居民区或者工厂。但美国不同，美国就找了一帮麻省理工学院研究数学的，让数学家们计算一下，炸哪里是最要害的。美军要炸就要使战争机器瘫痪。麻省理工学院这帮数学家组成了一个战略小组，属于陆军航空队，专门用数学的方法分析哪个环节在工业系统中最重要。研究发现，滚珠轴承最重要。车辆要轴承，火炮要轴承，飞机、坦克、机床，都需要轴承。德国有两个大的轴承厂，其中一个是施瓦因福特。德国也知道这个地方特别重要，用大量的高炮来保护。美军不在乎，见你重要就要炸。就派了上千架飞机来炸，第一次损失很大，最后终于给炸了。炸了一两个月之后，德国就没有轴承了，坦克什么的都转不动了。后来德国才把轴承厂分散到各个小城镇，开始都在大城市。

原文——今天的战该怎么打

经研究，Ph.D不是Turing Award和Nobel Prize的必要条件。 尤其是Turing Award.

经研究，Ph.D不是图灵奖和诺贝尔奖的必要条件。

尤其是图灵奖

ACM SIGGRAPH是世界上最好的电脑视觉技术交流会，大会每年的Paper都会呈现非常了不起的视觉盛宴。

我希望通过了解一下以下事实，来加深对大脑发展历史的了解，我觉得通过了解大脑进化的图谱，我可以很清晰地知道突破的关键。

1. 单细胞动物（草履虫）的应激反应
2. 腔肠动物网状神经细胞
3. 环节动物和肢节动物的链状神经系统
4. 人类的神经系统

我觉得这也是几个比较大的Milestone.

关于大脑进化的几个事实

大脑Wiki